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2021考研英语一完形填空试题及答案解析

2021考研英语一完形填空试题及答案解析

Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It [1 ]in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and Then[ 2] starts to slowly decline as we age. But [3] aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.

1. [A] pauses [B] returns [C] peaks [D] fades

2.[A]alternatively [B]formally [C]accidentally [D] generally

alternative [ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv] adj.替代的; 备选的; 其他的(altern=other/to change)

3. [A] while [B] since [C] once [D] until

★fluid intelligence 翻译为流动智力;流体智力或者液态智力。

流体智力是一种与短期记忆有关的能力,这种能力以快速地、逻辑性地、抽象地以

解决新问题为目地。流动智力在成年早期达到峰值,之后很长一段时间趋于稳定,之后

随着年龄增长,慢慢地下降。虽说岁月不饶人,科学家们发现大脑功能的某些变化可能

并非不可避免.

while 只有在开头是才是“虽然”;在中间“当…时候”并列句,“然而”转折句。

One study found that muscle loss and the [4 ]of body fat around the abdomen

are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the[ 5] that

lifestyle factors might help prevent or [6 ]this type of decline.

4. [A] detection [B]accumulation [C]consumption [D] separation

5. [A] possibility [B] decision [C] goal [D] requirement

6. [A] delay [B] ensure [C] seek [D] utilize

一项研究发现,肌肉松驰和腹部脂肪堆积与流体智力下降有关, 这表明生活方式因素

可能有助预防这种下降的可能性.

consumption :(2011 年完型)But despite some claims to the contrary, laughing probably

has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does produce short term changes in the function

of the heart and its blood vessels boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hardlaughter is to sustain, a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.

尽管有人反对以下这种说法,但是大笑对健康的影响可能确实微乎其微。大笑的确能在

短期内改善心脏及心血管的功能,增强心率和耗氧量。但是,由于大笑很难持续,所以一场酣畅

淋漓的笑不可能像散步或慢跑那样带来显著的好处。

abdomen [ˈæbdəmən]n.腹部(dome 圆屋顶)(ab 加强意)

detect [dɪˈtekt]v.发现;查出;测出;觉察;发觉(de 去掉;tect=cover,表示盖上,掩护)

suggest[səˈdʒest]v.建议; 推荐; 表明——主语是人译为“建议”.不是人译为“表明”。

Eg.(2010 年考研完型) This suggests that the allegedHawthorne effectis hard to pin

down。

这表明所谓的“霍桑效应”是很难证实的。

pin down 把…固定住; 使动弹不得; 迫使作出决定;

( 2011 年考研阅读 Text4 )Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy

or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness instead of thinking of it as

something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as

a past-tense condition.

西尼尔没有对孩子到底让父母快乐还是痛苦这一问题下结论,而是建议我们需要重新定

义幸福:幸福不能以片刻的欢娱来衡量,相反,我们应该把它当作过去式看待。(幸福不能以时

时刻刻的快乐来衡量,相反,我们应该把幸福视为一种过去式的状态)

The researchers looked at data that [7 ]measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and[ 8] that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people[ 9 ]higher measures of abdominalfat [10 ]worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years [11] .

研究人员查看了包括 4,000 多名中老年男性和女性瘦肌肉群和腹部脂肪测量结果的数

据,比对数据报告流体智能在六年期间的变化,他们发现,随着时间的流逝,有着更多腹部

脂肪的中年人,在流动智力方面得分较低。

7. [A] modified [B] supported [C] included [D] predicted

8. [A] devoted [B] compared [C] converted [D] applied

9. [A] with [B] above [C] by [D] against

10. [A] lived [B] managed [C] scored [D] played

11. [A] ran out [B] set off [C] drew in [D] went by

compare [kəmˈpeə(r)] 比较,对照;(com=together ;pare=equal,)

For women, the association may be [12 ]to changes in immunity that resultedfrom excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be ]13 .]

It is hoped that future studies could [14] these differences and perhaps lead to different [15] for men and women.

12. [A] superior [B] attributable [C] parallel [D] resistant

13. [A] restored [B] isolated [C] involved [D] controlled

14. [A] alter [B] spread [C] remove [D] explain

15. [A] compensations [B] symptoms [C] demands [D] treatments

对于女性来说,这种关联(腹部脂肪越高,流动智力方面的得分越低)可能要归因于

腹部脂肪过多所致的免疫力变化;对男性来说,(这种关联)似乎与免疫系统无关,希望未

来研究者能解释这些区别。或许会促成针对女性和男性的不同疗法。

immunity[ɪˈmjuːnəti]n.免除,豁免; 免疫力(im=not;mun=server)

common[ˈkɒmən]普通的,寻常的;共有的,公共的(com 共同+mon=mun=server)

suspend[səˈspend] 暂停; 延缓; 挂; 悬(sus=under; pend,pens=to hang, to weigh 许多用

杆秤一挂便知其重量)

depend[dɪˈpend] 依靠; 依赖; 信赖; 决定于;de=down.dependant 家眷,侍从;

expend,ex=out 花费; 耗尽; 用光;

expensive adj.昂贵的,花钱多的; 豪华的;

independence [ˌɪndɪˈpendəns] n.独立,自主 in=not;

pension [ˈpenʃn] 退休金,养老金;

compensate [ˈkɒmpenseɪt] 补偿,赔偿(com=together,一起挂,半斤八两。)

compensation [ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn]补偿,赔偿; 修正;

【真题例句】2004Text1

Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather

information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.

参考译文:有些人利用搜索代理密切地观察对于本行业的需求或搜集有关加薪的信息,

以备增薪谈判时胸有成竹。

16 , there are steps you can [17 ]to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental [18] . The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following

Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.

16. [A] Likewise [B] Meanwhile [C] Therefore [D] Instead

17. [A] change [B] watch [C] count [D] take

18. [A] well-being [B] process [C] formation [D] coordination

19. [A] level [B] love [C] knowledge [D] space

20. [A] design [B] routine [C] diet [D] prescription

同时,随着年龄的增长,为了保持身心健康,您可以采取一些措施来帮助减少腹部脂

肪并保持瘦肌肉群。两种强烈推荐的生活方式分别为:维持或提高有氧运动水平,以及遵循

高纤维、去除过度加工食品的地中海式饮食习惯。

Mediterranean [ˌmedɪtəˈreɪniən]n.地中海(medi 中间,terr 地,ocean 海)

terrible [ˈterəbl]很糟的;可怕的,骇人的;极度的,厉害的

terr 恐,怕+ible 可..的→可怕的

terrific [təˈrɪfɪk]极好的,非常的,极度的(-ific 表形容词,产生……的)

★eliminate [ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt] v.消灭;删除(lim- =line 一条线。)(l,m,n,r 通假),

1. [A] pauses [B] returns [C] peaks [D] fades

2.[A]alternatively [B]formally [C]accidentally [D] generally

3. [A] while [B] since [C] once [D] until

4. [A] detection [B]accumulation [C]consumption [D] separation

5. [A] possibility [B] decision [C] goal [D] requirement

6. [A] delay [B] ensure [C] seek [D] utilize

7. [A] modified [B] supported [C] included [D] predicted

8. [A] devoted [B] compared [C] converted [D] applied

9. [A] with [B] above [C] by [D] against

10. [A] lived [B] managed [C] scored [D] played

11. [A] ran out [B] set off[C] drew in [D] went by

12. [A] superior [B] attributable [C] parallel [D] resistant

13. [A] restored [B] isolated [C] involved [D] controlled

14. [A] alter [B] spread [C] remove [D] explain

15. [A] compensations [B] symptoms [C] demands [D] treatments

16. [A] Likewise [B] Meanwhile [C] Therefore [D] Instead

17. [A] change [B] watch [C] count [D] take

18. [A] well-being [B] process [C] formation [D] coordination

19. [A] level [B] love [C] knowledge [D] space

20. [A] design [B] routine [C] diet [D] prescription

1. 【答案】C(peaks)

【解析】逻辑关系题。and then 提示顺承,借助 slowly decline(慢慢下降)可知,

C 项 peaks(达到最高点)符合原文逻辑关系,即流动智力在成年早期达到峰值,之后很长

一段时间趋于稳定,之后随着年龄增长,慢慢下降。本题答案为 C 项。

干扰选项:A 项 pauses(暂停),B 项 returns(返回)和 D 项 fades(逐渐消失),

均不符合原文逻辑关系。

2. 【答案】D(generally)

【解析】语境题。比较各选项语义,A 项

alternatively(二者择一地),B 项 formally(形式上地),C 项 accidentally(偶然

地)和 D 项 generally(通常),其中,D 项 generally(通常)最符合原文语义。本题答

案为 D 项。3. 【答案】A(while)

【解析】逻辑关系题。观察选项可知,本题考查句内逻辑关系,比较 aging is inevitable

和 scientists are finding out that … may not be 可知,inevitable 和 may not be 提示

语义相反,即“衰老不可避免”,与“科学家们发现大脑功能的某些变化可能并非不可避免”

二者语义相反。A 项 while(尽管)提示让步,符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为 A 项。

干扰选项:B 项 since(由于)提示因果关系,C 项 once(一旦)提示条件关系,D 项

until(到……为止)提示顺承关系,均不符合原文逻辑关系。

4. 【答案】B(accumulation)

【解析】逻辑关系题。and 提示并列,muscle loss 和 the 4

of body fat around the

abdomen(腹部脂肪的 4 )互相并列,借助 muscle loss(肌肉流失)可知,B 项

accumulation(积累)符合原文逻辑关系,即,肌肉流失和腹部脂肪堆积。本题答案为 B

项。

干扰选项:A 项 detection(侦查),C 项 consumption(消耗)和 D 项 separation

(分离),均不符合原文逻辑关系。

5. 【答案】A(possibility)

【解析】语境题。This 指代上句的研究发现,本句继续介绍研究发现。比较各选项语

义,A 项 possibility(可能性),B 项 decision(决定),C 项 goal

(目标)和 D 项 requirement (要求),可知,A 项 possibility 符合原文语义,即,这表明生活方式因素可能有助预防 这种下降的可能性。本题答案为 A 项。

6. 【答案】A(delay)

【解析】逻辑关系题。or 提示并列,借助 prevent(预防)可知,A 项 delay(延期)

符合原文逻辑关系,即预防或延迟流动智力下降。本题答案为 A 项。

干扰选项:B 项 ensure(保证),C 项 seek(寻求)和 D 项 utilize(利用),均不符

合原文逻辑关系。

7. 【答案】C(included)

【解析】语境题。本题考查连接 data(数据)和 measurements(测量结果)的动词 词义。比较各选项语义,A 项 modified(修改),B 项 supported(支持),C 项 included

(包括)和 D 项 predicted(预 测),可知 C 项 included 符合原文语义,即研究人员查

看了包括 4,000 多名中老年男性和女性瘦肌肉群和腹部脂肪测量结果的数据。本题答案为 C 项。

8. 【答案】B(compared)

【解析】逻辑关系题。and 提示并列,looked at data 和 8

that data to reported changes 互相并列,借助 looked at(查看)可知,B 项 compared(比较)符合原文逻辑 关系,且能与介词 to 构成固定搭配,compare … to…(将……与……相比)。本题答案为 B 项。

干扰选项:其余各项与介词 to 构成固定搭配,A 项 devoted … to…(把……用于),

C 项 converted … to…(把……转化为……),D 项 applied … to…(把……应用于……),

均不符合原文逻辑关系。

9. 【答案】A(with)

【解析】固定搭配题。观察选项可知,本题考查介词用法。比较各选项,A 项 with(带

有……),B 项 above(在……上面),C 项 by(通过……)和 D 项 against(与……相反), 可知,A 项 with 连接 higher measures of abdominal fat,作后置定语修饰 people,符 合原文语义,即,有着更高腹部脂肪的中年人。本题答案为 A 项。

10. 【答案】C(scored)

【解析】语境题。比较各选项语义,A 项 lived(生活),B 项 managed(管理),C

项 scored(得分)和 D 项 played(玩耍),可知,C 项 scored 符合原文语义,即,他们

发现,有着更多腹部脂肪的中年人,在流动智力方面得分较低。本题答案为 C 项。

11. 【答案】D(went by)

【解析】固定搭配题。借助 as the years(随着年岁……),并比较各选项语义,A 项

ran out(用完),B 项 set off(出发),C 项 drew in(引诱)和 D 项 went by(时间逝

去),可知,D 项 went by 符合原文语义。本题答案为 D 项。

12. 【答案】B(attributable)

【解析】语境题。结合 resulted from excess abdominal fat(腹部脂肪过多所致),

并比较各选项与介词 to 构成的搭配,A 项 superior to(比……好的),B 项 attributable to

(可归因于……),C 项 parallel to(与……平行的)和 D 项 resistant to(不受……损害的), 可知,B 项 attributable 符合原文语义,即,对于女性来说,这种关联(腹部脂肪越高,流 动智力方面的得分越低)可能要归因于腹部脂肪过多所致的免疫力变化。本题答案为 B 项。13. 【答案】C(involved)

【解析】逻辑关系题。

For women 与 in men 提示对比关系,借助 the association may be 12

to changes in immunity(这种关联可能 12 免疫力变化)可知,C 项 involved

(使成为必然部分,与 be 连用时,可理解为“与……有关”)符合原文语义,即,对男性

来说,(这种关联)似乎与免疫系统无关;且符合原文逻辑。本题答案为 C 项。

干扰选项:A 项 restored(被恢复),B 项 isolated(被孤立)和 D 项 controlled(被

控制),均不符合原文逻辑关系。

14. 【答案】D(explain)

【解析】语境题。本题考查连接 future studies 和 these differences 的动词语义,而

these differences 是指上句中男性和女性的流动智力得分,与腹部脂肪堆积所致的免疫力

变化有关与无关的区别。现有研究只发现了这种区别,而背后的原因,只能寄希望于未来相

关研究。D 项 explain(解释)符合原文语义,即,希望未来研究能解释这些区别。本题答

案为 D 项。

干扰选项:A 项 alter(改变),B 项 spread(展开)和 C 项 remove(去掉),均不

符合原文语义。

15. 【答案】D(treatments)

【解析】语境题。借助 lead to different 15 for men and women(促成针对女性

和男性的不同 15 ),并结合 these differences 所指的免疫力与流体智力间二者间的关

联在男性和女性中体现不同,可知,D 项 treatments(疗法)符合原文语义,即,或许会

促成针对女性和男性的不同疗法。本题答案为 D 项。干扰选项:A 项 compensations(补偿),B 项 symptoms(症状)和 C 项 demands (要求),均不符合原文语义。

16. 【答案】B(Meanwhile)

【解析】逻辑关系题。观察选项可知,本题考查句间逻辑关系。比较上句与本句发现:

从内容上说,上句为对未来研究的期待,本句为目前可采取的措施(steps);从文章段落

结构来说,上段为研究结论,本段为研究带来的启示。前后两句呈现研究的不同方面,体现

对比关系。观察选项,B 项 Meanwhile(与此同时)符合原文逻辑关系,即期待未来进一

步研究的同时,目前也可以采取一些措施,二者方向不同,但可同时进行。本题答案为 B

项。

干扰选项:A 项 Likewise(同样地)提示并列关系,C 项 Therefore(因此)提示因果

关系,D 项 Instead(相反地)提示转折关系,均不符合原文逻辑关系。

17. 【答案】D(take)

【解析】固定搭配题。take steps(采取措施)为固定搭配,且符合原文语义,即,您

可以采取一些措施来帮助减少腹部脂肪并保持瘦肌肉群。本题答案为 D 项。

干扰选项:A 项 change(改变),B 项 watch(观察)和 C 项 count(数),均不能

与 steps 构成符合原文语义的固定搭配。

18. 【答案】A(well-being)【解析】语境题。由 protect both your physical and mental …(保护您身体和心理 的……)可知,A 项 well-being(健康)符合原文语义,即,为了保护您的身心健康。本题 答案为 A 项。

干扰选项:B 项 process(过程),C 项 formation(形成)和 D 项 coordination(协

调),均不符合原文语义。

19. 【答案】A(level)

【解析】语境题。结合 aerobic exercise(有氧运动),并比较各选项,A 项 level(水

平),B 项 love(热爱),C 项 knowledge(知识)和 D 项 space(空间),可知,A 项

符合原文语义,即,维持或提高有氧运动水平。本题答案为 A 项。

20. 【答案】C(diet)

【解析】逻辑关系题。and 提示并列,借助 exercise(锻炼),并结合空格后 high in

fiber(高纤维)和 eliminates highly processed foods(去除高度加工的食品),可知,

C 项 diet(日常饮食)符合原文逻辑,即,两种强烈推荐的生活方式分别为:维持或提高有 氧运动水平,以及遵循高纤维、去除高度加工食品的地中海式饮食习惯。本题答案为 C 项。

干扰选项:A 项 design(设计),B 项 routine(常规)和 D 项 prescription(药方).

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